Document authentication in the digital age is a daunting task, considering the means people have to meddle with data. One can never be sure of the legitimacy of a document they receive unless there is some proof regarding its whereabouts. However, digital signatures have proved a viable alternative in these trying times. Let us cover…
The network protocol controls the data and information exchange between the network devices by applying going back and retransmitting the data or acknowledgment in case the network faces a network interruption or signal loss from either the sender or receiver end. In this article on ‘Go-Back-N ARQ Protocol,’ we will look into the protocol and its importance…
With the setup of multiple network channels, the difficulty of controlling the transmission of data and information between the sender and receiver side has also significantly increased. In this article on ‘Stop-and-Wait Protocol,’ we will learn to control and maintain efficient data flow through the stop-and-wait data exchange method. What Is Stop-and-Wait Protocol? To begin with, let’s…
The Windows operating system provides its user with a powerful tool, i.e., Command Prompt, which allows us to access and configure system settings and data. In this article on ‘Networking Commands’, we will look into some of the most popular network commands. These network commands prove helpful when there is a need to configure or…
The distance-vector routing (DVR) is designed to periodically update the routing data in the network model based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm. In this article on ‘What Is Distance Vector Routing?’, we will understand the working of the protocol in a detailed manner. Introduction to Distance Vector Routing The distance vector routing protocol is applied to…
The Metasploit framework has been a staple in the ethical hacking industry for almost a decade now. Regularly updated with new exploits and auxiliary patches, it doesn’t look like there is any rival to Metasploit with similar features or polish. But if you don’t have a vulnerable system within your reach, how are you supposed to learn…
Introduction to Password Cracking Password cracking refers to the process of attempting to gain unauthorized access to a computer system or encrypted data by recovering passwords from data stored or transmitted by the target system. It is a significant concern in the field of cybersecurity, where the safety and integrity of sensitive information depend heavily…
Introduction to 5G Technology Fifth-generation (5G) technology represents a significant advancement in mobile communication, set to transform the way individuals and devices interact with one another. Unlike its predecessors—1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G—5G technology is designed to deliver faster speeds, lower latency, and greater connectivity, fulfilling the growing demand for efficient data transmission in an…
With the advancement of technology and to meet the demand for the increase in IP addresses in the IT industry as well as to satisfy the personal requirement. To overcome this situation of assigning IP addresses to each device in a network, the concept of subnetting was introduced. The process of dividing IP addresses into smaller subunits that can…
Introduction to Keyloggers Keyloggers are specialized software or hardware tools designed to monitor and record keystrokes made on a computer or mobile device. They serve various purposes, including enhancing user experience, tracking user behavior, and, in less ethical applications, capturing sensitive information without consent. By logging every keystroke, keyloggers can provide insights into user habits…